Table 4: Adolescent Risk Factors for Adult Victimization, Offending, and Drug Use
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| Adult Problem Outcome (Dependent Variable) | RL2* | Adolescent Experience/ Characteristic (Independent Variable) | Odds Ratio† | p(lr)‡ |
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| Violent victimization (n=506) | 0.042 | Violent victimization | 2.2513 |
0.0001 |
| Age in 1976: 11 | 2.3190 | 0.0024 | ||
| 12 | 0.8596 | |||
| 13 | 0.5016 | |||
| Victimization-age interaction | 1.8335 | 0.0278 | ||
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| Property victimization (n=507) | 0.012 | Property victimization | 1.9431 | 0.0045 |
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| Domestic violence victimization (n=491) | 0.059 | Violent victimization |
1.7038 |
0.0537 |
| Violent offending (felony assault) | 1.4827 | 0.0960 | ||
| Male | 1.9231 | 0.0046 | ||
| Parents' socioeconomic status | 0.9780 | 0.0022 | ||
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| Domestic violence perpetration (n=491) | 0.081 | Violent offending (felony assault) |
2.1013 |
0.0048 |
| Violent victimization | 1.7496 | 0.0479 | ||
| Male | 0.2269 | 0.0000 | ||
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| Violent offending (felony assault) (n=496) | 0.148 | Violent offending (felony assault) |
3.7906 |
0.0000 |
| Violent victimization | 3.5361 | 0.0086 | ||
| Male | 2.2081 | 0.0196 | ||
| Parents' socioeconomic status | 0.9784 | 0.0303 | ||
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| Property offending (felony theft) (n=505) | 0.119 | Property offending (felony theft) |
2.4893 |
0.0034 |
| Violent victimization | 2.8771 | 0.0115 | ||
| Male | 2.7919 | 0.0011 | ||
| Nonwhite | 2.1114 | 0.0377 | ||
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| Marijuana use (n=505) | 0.085 | Marijuana use | 3.7469 | 0.0000 |
| Property victimization | 1.8716 | 0.0125 | ||
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| Polydrug use (n=502) | 0.082 | Polydrug use | 1.7995 | 0.0525 |
| Marijuana use | 3.2670 | 0.0000 | ||
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| Problem drug use (n=502) | 0.117 | Marijuana use | 1.7724 | 0.0431 |
| Polydrug use | 3.6031 | 0.0000 | ||
| Violent victimization | 1.8810 | 0.0378 | ||
| Male | 1.5918 | 0.0537 | ||
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* RL2 (explained variation) indicates the strength of the relationship between each adult problem outcome and the set of adolescent predictors, taken as a group. It is the percentage reduction in error of prediction. For example, an RL2 of 0.117 for problem drug use indicates that it is possible to reduce the error in predicting adult problem drug use by 11.7 percent if it is known whether the respondent is male and whether he or she was a victim of violence, a marijuana user, or a polydrug user in adolescence.
† Odds ratios represent the factor by which to multiply the odds of a particular outcome for each predictor (e.g., being a victim of violence in adolescence multiplies the odds of being a problem drug user in adulthood by a factor of 1.88).
‡ The p(lr) (the likelihood ratio criterion) indicates the extent to which the predictive effects of the adolescent variables are statistically significant. Backward stepwise elimination based on p(lr) was used to remove effects that were neither statistically significant nor marginally significant (with p < .05 representing statistical significance and p < .10 representing marginal significance) from the model.
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| Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Victimization |
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